AO North America

The Comprehensive Classification of Fractures of Long Bones

11-Humerus Proximal

The subgroups represent a variation within the group and the one illustrated is indicated with red in the text.

Humerus Proximal fractures

A1 Extra-articular unifocal fracture, tuberosity
.1 greater tuberosity, not displaced
.2 greater tuberosity, displaced
.3 with a glenohumeral dislocation

A2 Extra-articular unifocal fracture, impacted metaphyseal
.1 without frontal malalignment
.2 with varus malalignment
.3 with valgus malalignment

A3 Extra-articular unifocal fracture, non-impacted metaphyseal
.1 simple, with angulation
.2 simple, with translation
.3 multifragmentary

11b

B1 BA extra-articular bifocal fracture, with metaphyseal impaction
.1 lateral + greater tuberosity
.2 medial + lesser tuberosity
.3 posterior + greater tuberosity

B2 Extra-articular bifocal fracture, without metaphyseal impaction
.1 without rotatory displacement of the epiphyseal fragment
.2 with rotatory displacement of the epiphyseal fragment
.3 multifragmentary metaphyseal + one of the tuberosities

B3 Extra-articular bifocal fracture, with glenohumeral dislocation
.1 "vertical" cervical line + greater tuberosity intact + anterior and medical dislocation
.2 "vertical" cervical line + greater tuberosity fractured + anterior and medial dislocation
.3 lesser tuberosity fractured + posterior dislocation

11c

C1 Articular fracture, with slight displacement
.1 cephaotubercular, with valgus malalignment
.2 cephalotubercular, with varus malalignment
.3 anatomical neck

C2 Articular fracture, impacted with marked displacement
.1 cephalotubercular, with valgus malalignment
.2 cephalotubercular, with varus malalignment
.3 transcephalic and tubercular, with varus malalignment

C3 Articular fracture, dislocated
.1 anatomical neck
.2 anatomical neck and tuberosities
.3 cephaltubercular fragmentation

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